The hornbill is the national bird of the Nagas primarily due to its deep cultural and traditional significance among the various Naga tribes. The bird holds a special place in the hearts and identity of the Naga people, and its association with their culture has made it a symbol of pride and unity. The hornbill’s status as the national bird of the Nagas is a testament to its deep-rooted cultural significance and the vital role it plays in unifying the diverse Naga tribes. As a symbol of strength, unity, and identity, the hornbill stands tall as a cherished emblem of Naga heritage and continues to inspire conservation efforts to safeguard its future.
Hornbill—The State Bird
Cultural Importance: The hornbill is deeply ingrained in Naga culture, and it features prominently in their myths, folklore, and traditional practices. Ancient Naga stories often revolve around the hornbill, portraying it as a majestic and revered creature.
Symbol of Strength: The hornbill’s appearance, with its large size, striking plumage, and powerful beak, represents strength and endurance. As a symbol of strength, the hornbill is revered by the Naga tribes and has become an emblem of their resilience and unity.
Cultural Stories and Myths: Naga folklore and myths often highlight the strength of the hornbill. Stories of the hornbill overcoming obstacles or displaying courage in the face of adversity reinforce its association with strength and bravery.
The hornbill bird is prominent in the cultural stories and myths of the Nagas, the various tribes inhabiting the northeastern region of India. These stories are deeply ingrained in Naga folklore and oral traditions, passed down through generations to preserve their rich cultural heritage. Here are some of the significant cultural stories and myths featuring the hornbill bird among the Nagas:
- The Legend of Kivigho and Kahuli
In the folklore of the Sumi tribe, two lovers, Kivigho and Kahuli, were on their way to their native village. To get some fruit for his lady love, Kivigho climbed up a tree. But he could not climb down as the branches of the tree broke. Having been stuck there, Kivigho slowly turned into the Great Hornbill. A feather of the Hornbill fell on the lap of a heartbroken Kahuli. She treasured the feather for her whole life in memory of her lost love.
- The Great Hornbill and the Papaya Tree
In some Naga folklore, there is a story of a great hornbill that befriended a papaya tree. The hornbill would visit the tree regularly, and in return, the tree would provide it with sweet and ripe papayas. The story symbolises the harmony between humans and nature, where mutual respect and friendship lead to abundance and prosperity.
- The Hornbill and the Rainmaker
In the folklore of the Chakesang tribe, there is a story of a hornbill and a rainmaker. During a prolonged drought, the people sought the help of the rainmaker to bring rain to their parched land. The rainmaker promised to do so only if they brought him a live hornbill as an offering. The villagers captured a hornbill and brought it to the rainmaker, but as they were about to sacrifice the bird, the hornbill spoke to them, pleading for its life. The bird’s words moved the villagers, and decided to release it. In return for their compassion, the hornbill brought rain to their land, saving them from the drought. This story emphasises the value of compassion and respect for all living beings.
- The Hornbill and the Wise Old Man
In another Naga myth, there is a story of a wise old man who sought to test the integrity of the hornbill. He placed a sack of gold coins on a tree branch and waited to see if the hornbill would take them. However, the hornbill never touched the gold, proving its honesty and integrity. The wise old man was impressed by the bird’s character and rewarded it with blessings for its honesty. This story reflects Naga’s admiration for honesty, integrity, and virtue.
These cultural stories and myths featuring the hornbill bird among the Nagas entertain and inspire and carry important moral lessons and values. They showcase the deep connection between the Nagas and their natural environment and their reverence for the hornbill as a symbol of love, integrity, and harmony with nature.
Unity and Identity: The Naga tribes are diverse, each with its distinct customs, languages, and traditions. Despite these differences, the hornbill is a unifying symbol that brings all the tribes together under a shared identity. It fosters a sense of belonging and pride in being part of the larger Naga community.
Festivals and Celebrations: The hornbill plays a central role in the Hornbill Festival, a grand annual event celebrated in Nagaland. This festival showcases the rich cultural heritage of the Naga tribes and promotes understanding and friendship among different communities. The selection of the hornbill as the festival’s namesake further solidifies its significance in Naga culture.
Traditional Attire and Art: Hornbill feathers and motifs are often incorporated into Naga traditional attire, headgear, and handicrafts. The bird’s feathers hold special ceremonial and cultural value, adding importance to Naga’s artistic expressions.
Ethical Hunting Practices: Traditionally, certain Naga tribes had a practice called “Angami Sekrenyi” or “Festival of Purification,” where hunting was prohibited for a certain period to allow the hornbills and other wildlife to breed undisturbed. This practice reflects the Nagas’ deep respect for nature and their understanding of the need for conservation.
The designation of the hornbill as the national bird of the Nagas also raises awareness about its conservation. By elevating the status of the hornbill, the Naga communities aim to protect this magnificent bird and its natural habitat, fostering a sense of responsibility towards environmental preservation.
